Welcome to CAD CAM Information

The new version 6 of the CAM system hyperFORM takes full advantage of technologies such as high-speed cutting and 5 axis siWith the new version 6.0 of its cam system hyperFORM, Open Mind Technologies in Unterfoehring near Munich, Germany, is setting new standards in the 2.5 and 3D-CAM field for the most demanding industries such as tool- and mold-making. The functional scope begins with convenient data import from CAD systems with new control and repair functions. Fast definition capabilities for 2D tasks, such as drilling holes or thread cutting, are also included, as are refined machining strategies for modern milling technologies.

For anyone who wants to program high-speed cutting (HSC) or 5 axis simultaneous machining, hyperFORM is the perfect tool.

One of the main highlights is that the new version simulates the machining process with the tool and tool-holder directly on the CAD model! Open Mind will present a look ahead to the new CAM system hyperFORM 6.0 at the CeBIT trade fair from March 22 - 28, 2001, in hall 21, stand D09.

Thanks to the standard interfaces IGES, STEP, VDA-FS and DXF/DWG or the direct interfaces from CATIA and Parasolid, model and mold makers can import all 3D data into the CAM system without loss.

But before toolpaths can be generated from this data, the model often still has to be prepared for processing.

Surface gaps must be closed, surfaces trimmed or new boundaries defined for the machining areas.

hyperFORM 6.0 provides convenient functions for these preparations, thus eliminating the costly and time-consuming detour via a CAD system.

Routine 2D tasks will continue to be the order of the day in NC programming.

The new cycles of hyperFORM V6 allow routine tasks such as drilling holes and thread cutting to be performed at lightning speed.

In addition, CNC-specific drilling or pocket milling cycles of the machine tool can be addressed, thus shortening the programs and programming times.

hyperFORM's numerous 3D milling strategies can be used globally for an entire workpiece or be restricted to local areas.

Naturally global and local strategies may be combined to reduce programming and machining times.

The advanced 3D functionality of the system has been further enhanced in version 6.0.

For many 3D strategies, such as profile finishing, equidistant finishing or free-form cutting, offsets can now be changed several times.

This effectively protects sensitive contours such as form partings.

A new, even more exact definition of tools and tool-holders allows an extremely realistic simulation of the machining process on the screen.

Visualization and collision avoidance encompass all 3D strategies up to 5 axis simultaneous machining.

As hyperFORM 6.0 also offers features for conical tool-holders, as used for spherical cutters, and special cycles for cavity finishing, it is ideally suited to HSC processing.

The much improved, clearly structured user interface allows easier access to the individual functions.

If users draw design parts with the mouse, they can now track the tolerances in mini dialog boxes, which follow the geometry.

They can enter new values directly in these boxes, thus dispensing with large dialog boxes which often block the view.

The user interface and keyboard layout can be adapted to individual needs of the users.

The context-sensitive help system not only explains the control functions of the geometry element but also provides detailed background information.

Open Mind Technologies will present its CAM system hyperFORM V6.0 for tool- and mold-making at the CeBIT 2001 trade fair for the first time.

hyperFORM runs under Windows NT/2000 and will be available from April 2001.

Open Mind Technologies develops innovative cam software for industry, incorporating new technologies in various market-tailored product packages: hyperMILL is a CAM application which is integrated in Mechanical Desktop, thinkdesign( or CATIA.

Using hyperMILL, CAD designs can be directly converted into NC programs for mechanical processing without having to leave the familiar CAD environment.

hyperFORM is the standalone 2D/3D CAM system for high 3D demands in tool and mold making.

hyperFACT is the standalone CAM station for shopfloor-oriented NC programming and optimized production.

Open Mind is a member of the Autodesk 'Mechanical Application Initiative' (MAI).

In Germany, Open Mind products are sold through a special distribution network and selected dealers.

Open Mind also has branch offices in the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy and Singapore and is represented by various distributors in all industrial countries worldwide. multaneous machining.

Open Mind Technologies Unterfoehring, Germany, is presenting 'New ways of 3 + 2 and 5 axis simultaneous machining' at an in-house exhibition at Hermle. The talk will be repeated daily at the presentation center in Kassel-Lohfelden, Germany, from March 21 to 23. The leading manufacturer of milling centers for tool and mold making will also offer visitors a practical test.

The NC programs for the milling demonstration on two Hermle machines will be generated with the mold-making solution hyperFORM from Open Mind.

A drawing mold will be produced on a Hermle C 1200 U using 3 and 5 axis machining and NC programs generated with hyperFORM.

Collaborators Hermle and Open Mind will also demonstrate cavity milling using various 5 axis strategies on a C600 U.

To fully exploit the benefits of 5 axis simultaneous machining, the standalone cam system hyperFORM has been specially adapted to the Hermle 5 axis machine tools with the appropriate postprocessor.

With Open Mind's involvement in the Hermle exhibition, the two companies want to illustrate their common goal: Providing users with a perfectly optimized overall solution which integrates CAM software, control and machine tool.

For an invitation to the event please call Open Mind Technologies on +49 (0)7021 95 95 05.

Open Mind Technologies develops innovative cam software for industry, incorporating new technologies in various market-tailored product packages: hyperMILL is a CAM application which is integrated in Mechanical Desktop(, thinkdesign or CATIA.

Using hyperMILL, CAD designs can be directly converted into NC programs for mechanical processing without having to leave the familiar CAD environment.

hyperFORM is the standalone 2D/3D CAM system for high 3D demands in tool and mold making.

hyperFACT is the standalone CAM station for shopfloor-oriented NC programming and optimized production.

Open Mind is a member of the Autodesk 'Mechanical Application Initiative' (MAI).

In Germany, Open Mind products are sold through a special distribution network and selected dealers.

Open Mind also has branch offices in the USA, Great Britain, France, Italy and Singapore and is represented by various distributors in all industrial countries worldwide.

New version of the ESI welding and heat treatment simulation tool offers faster processing and knowledge database.ESI Group, a leading provider of virtual prototyping solutions, today announced the release of SYSWELD 2000. The software enables users to build a compute model, simulate the heat treating process, and evaluate the influence of the process on parts lifetime. It is uniquely suited to simulate continuous welding, resistance welding, quenching, induction hardening, thermo-chemical treatment and surface treatment.

SYSWELD 2000 new database of engineering know-how guides the users to realistic welding and heat treatment process simulation.

Other major enhancements include, improved case hardening simulation, steady state welding process, and faster solvers for Compaq, HP, and SGI platforms.

According to Dr.Ludwig Sporer, Manager of the operating strength testing chassis, BMW, 'SYSWELD gives good results on distortions and residual stresses, very close to real measurements on the part.

With the virtual prediction of distortions and residual stresses of the welded part, we can now optimize the welding process in the early stage of prototyping.' SYSWELD 2000 includes a large database of engineering expertise that supports the user through real welding and heat treatment process simulation.

This unique knowledge database will help users save time for setting-up welding and heat treatment simulations, and ultimately reduce the time to market by optimizing the quality of the parts.

Improved case hardening simulation allows users to decrease process cost and overdesign, respectively taking care of lifetime and noise reduction constraints.

SYSWELD 2000 helped reduce the necessary case hardening time by a factor of 3 still keeping the limits of distortion for a gearbox component.

The steady state welding process computation facilities have been enhanced.

A steady state welding computation enables users to predict, within one computation step, all necessary data, such as temperature field, phase distributions, distortions and residual stresses.

SYSWELD 2000 allows selected parts, within arbitrary structures to be declared as stationary area, providing faster distortion prediction.

In addition to the SGI solver, new fast solvers for Compaq and HP platforms are now available.

Optimized solvers provided by hardware vendors speed up computation time by a factor 10, compare to hardware independent equation solvers.

Nonlinear computations options have been improved, reducing drastically simulation cost.

Due to code optimization, the global performance of version 2000 has been improved by a factor 2.

SYSWELD is available on PC (Windows NT 4 and Windows 2000) and on UNIX workstations from Compaq, HP, IBM, SGI, and SUN.

Pioneer of virtual prototype testing software, ESI Group is a leading provider of simulation solutions that enhance product design and manufacturing process.

ESI Group's collaborative software enable engineers to simulate realistic product behavior under test and their impact on the environment, as well as manufacturing processes such as stamping, casting, and welding.

As engineers are able to explore more alternatives without having to build and destroy multiple physical prototypes, ESI Group's virtual prototype testing software help manufacturers to reduce development costs and time to market.

A publicly held company, ESI Group employs about 300 professionals worldwide.

ESI Group and the global network of agents provide sales and technical support to customers in more than 30 countries.

Cimmetry Systems, leading developer of visualization and collaboration solutions has announced that its AutoVue family of products now supports Autodesk's Inventor format. AutoVue can view and markup the 3D models as well as the 2D drawing files created by the Inventor package. In continuing with their tradition of supporting Autodesk's formats, Cimmetry Systems has recently included support for Inventor in its upcoming release of AutoVue.

Now organizations that make use of this popular design package can view and markup their 2D and 3D drawings and models from within AutoVue, thus communicating their design changes easily and clearly across the extended enterprise.

AutoVue also exists in a thin-client JAVA version, allowing for easy project collaboration over the Internet.

Installation takes place only on the server side, allowing for ease of maintenance and deployment.

AutoVue integrates seamlessly with many popular DMS/EDM/PDM/ERP systems such as, Documentum, FileNET, Lotus Notes/Domino, Matrix, OpenText, PC DOCS, Windchill, and many more.

'Our customers will be delighted with this capability to view and markup their autodesk inventor 2D and 3D drawings and models from within AutoVue, allowing them to communicate their design data easily throughout their company and across their extended enterprise,' said Brenda Discher, director of product management and customer satisfaction for Autodesk's Manufacturing Division.

'Design professionals in the manufacturing, A/E/C, transportation, and other industries look to Autodesk for powerful, intuitive applications that enable them to give form to their creative ideas and engineer, build and maintain their projects and products,' said Alain Danik, Business Development Manager at Cimmetry.

'Those same design professionals and their non-specialist colleagues alike have come to rely on Cimmetry Systems for the tools that allow them to communicate design intent, share design ideas and participate in the design process on an equal footing on the desktop and over the Web.' Alain went on to say that 'Since its inception more than a decade ago, Cimmetry Systems has taken very seriously its commitment to empower the engineering community by consistently delivering viewing and redlining tools with impeccable and up-to-date native support for the Autodesk design formats allied with a richly featured, yet extremely intuitive user interface.' Autodesk is the world's leading design and digital content creation resource.

The company provides software and Internet portal services to help customers drive business through the power of design.

One of the largest software companies in the world, Autodesk helps more than 4 million customers in over 150 countries turn designs into reality.

Like all European mould makers, BE, a toolmaker in New Milton, Hampshire, faces international competition. However, partner Geoff Elvy, is convinced that the problem is not so much global competition but more the inability of some toolmakers to adapt to new technology. BEC realised that toolmaking today has become a team effort, where designers, toolmakers and plastics specialists have to co-operate to produce optimum results.

Consequently BEC has invested not only in CAD/CAM to cover the design aspects of toolmaking, but also in injection moulding equipment to actually produce the parts.

Many mould makers only set up CAD/CAM systems when their customers force them to do so.

In BEC's case it was the other way around.

About three years ago the company set up its own CAD department and then started to convince its customers of the benefits of supplying CAD files instead of drawings.

At that time it was common practice for customers to supply 2D drawings for 3D models.

Although some of BEC's customers still work like that today, the majority of new designs arrive as CAD files.

This is not only faster but also safer, since the moulds are machined from the original model data.

It also helps the toolmaker to visualise what the finished part will look like.

Geoff points out that the company is not tied to any particular CAD system, as customers supply data in a number of different formats.

These designs are usually imported as IGES files with trimmed surfaces.

Solid models are not used commonly yet, but BEC feels that this technology is finally getting to the stage where it can be used effectively.

Modern telecommunications has hastened the whole process.

Files are usually sent via e-mail and imported into the CAD system to check for surface gaps and manufacturability.

After that, cam software is used to calculate the NC code for the cutter paths.

Typically, the NC milling equipment starts to cut the mould only two hours after receipt of the CAD files, so by the end of the day the mould is finished.

It is then either shipped to the customer or used directly at BEC's in-house moulding facility.

This injection moulding machinery ranges from 12 to 250 tons for parts up to 500 mm x 500 mm.

BEC moulds standard as well as specialised grades with various fillings from glass to stainless steel.

The in-house moulding facilities are used for everything from one-off prototype samples to full production batch runs.

However, BEC is not simply importing finished designs but also offers to help customers with the initial and detail design of their products.

When a customer arrives with an idea of what he wants, BEC will first draw a hand sketch in one or two days.

One more day and the customer can already see for approval a photo-realistic image of his product, designed with Autodesk's 3D Studio.

Customers greatly appreciate this service.

They are usually in a hurry to get their design to market so there is no time to machine prototypes.

If required, BEC can prepare a 3D computer simulation to produce an accurate impression of what the part will look like, which can even be exchanged via e-mail.

In this way the finished product can be delivered to the customer just three to four weeks after the initial design.

BEC has used different CAD/CAM software since 1984, continuously upgrading to stay at the forefront of technology.

In 1997, BEC was again looking for an alternative to the system they were then using.

Among the companies that presented CAD/CAM solutions was an Autodesk dealer that focused on mechanical applications.

BEC was a little sceptical whether this system could handle the sophisticated 3D applications they were used to, but a demonstration convinced them.

The dealer explained, 'Many people still see Autodesk as a 2D drawing system, but autodesk mechanical desktop has all the 3D functionality for demanding surface and solid models.

We offer Autodesk Mechanical Desktop in combination with hyperMILL from OPEN MIND, an integrated CAM application that converts the CAD designs directly into NC code for machining.' The BEC people were pleasantly surprised by the performance of this PC-based CAD/CAM package.

Geoff is convinced that he took the right decision, 'We scored a winner,' he said.

'We spent less money and can do a lot more with it.' One major issue was the versatility of the CAD system.

BEC receives files in a large variety of CAD formats, and Autodesk Mechanical Desktop offers all the necessary interfaces to handle the different files.

'We have never come across a file that we couldn't import,' commented Geoff.

BEC is not only pleased with the CAD functions of its system, but also with the CAM functionality it offers.

A number of automatic machining functions greatly reduce the time for NC programming.

The system can be set to analyse a CAD model and choose the best machining strategies for different surfaces.

There is also a function for automatic rest milling, whereby a mould is first machined with a large cutter, then the remaining material is automatically detected and re-machined with a smaller tool.

This reduces the machining time as the larger cutter quickly roughs out the material while small cutters are only used where necessary.

From the toolroom, the NC programs are transferred to a Bridgeport mill on the shopfloor via DNC link.

Reliable cutter path generation is another major issue for BEC, as for any toolmaker.

Geoff explained, 'Time-to-market is the major concern today, so you've got to get it right first time.

That takes confidence and our CAD/CAM solution gives us this confidence.' He knows from experience that not all CAD designs arrive in perfect shape.

Sometimes there are gaps between the surfaces which are hardly noticeable on the screen.

On the old cam system the cutter would frequently 'drop' into these gaps.

To prevent the cutter from hitting the fixture, artificial safety planes had to be designed into the customer models.

Today this is no longer necessary, as an advanced mathematical model is used to calculate a polyhedral mesh over the CAD geometry and cutter paths are superimposed.

The mesh automatically covers the gaps in the CAD model, so that the cutter does not fall into a gap when machining the model.

The other great advantage of this approach is reliable gouge and undercut checking over the entire model.

The user can therefore rest assured that the NC code will indeed cut the desired geometry and will not damage the mould, cutter or fixtures.

BEC is now even running the NC mills during the night, something they never dared to do with the old CAM system.

Geoff is convinced that he took the right decision when investing in a new CAD/CAM system.

He concluded, 'The package we are using now is very good indeed.

Presently I wouldn't consider buying anything else.' He pointed out that it is not just the growth, currently around 10 per cent annually, which leads him to say this but also the increased profitability thanks to the use of state-of-the-art CAD/CAM technology.

A third NC programming station was installed in 1999 and this year an additional station was added for mould flow analysis.

This reflects BEC's philosophy of gradual evolution, rather than rapid expansion.

Serving the existing customer base has priority over winning new orders.

Where other companies boast about the number of new customers they win, BEC is proud not to have lost a single customer in more than three years.

With this approach the company has built long term alliances with key players from different industries.

One example of this is the relationship with Racal, for whom BEC first produced a point-of-sale credit card terminal back in 1981.

Since then they have been involved in the production of five generations of so-called EFTPOS machines.

Today the production is up to 2,700 housings per week for Racal and Geoff estimates that 75 per cent of the EFTPOS credit card terminals in the UK come from BEC

NexPrise, the leading provider of collaborative commerce platforms for B2B exchanges, today announced a technology partnership with Cimmetry Systems, the leader in Visual Data Access and Collaboration solutions. Cimmetry's online visualization tool, AutoVue for JAVA, is an additional offering to the latest release of NexPrise ipTeam, version 4.0. NexPrise enables manufacturers, suppliers, customers, and partners to securely collaborate on critical e-business processes such as strategic sourcing of direct materials, product development, and program management and execution in a global virtual workspace.

Offered as a tightly integrated component of the NexPrise solution, Cimmetry's AutoVue for JAVA technology will allow public and private B2B exchange users to view and markup drawings and models of over 200 different file types and formats, allowing multiple users to add comments without affecting the original file.

Cimmetry's offering works seamlessly with NexPrise's collaborative sourcing and product development capabilities, and the technology combination greatly improves and eases communications between virtual team members connected across organizational and geographical boundaries 'With the addition of Cimmetry visualization technology to the NexPrise solution, the global product development team-including engineers, designers, buyers and suppliers-is now able to more easily develop and share ideas and issues in less time, and with greater clarity, all in a secure, web-enabled environment,' said Brian Strasser, Business Development Manager at Cimmetry Systems.

'We are pleased to have been selected by NexPrise to complement their award-winning solution, and look forward to bringing the benefits of our visualization capability to their customers.' 'Cimmetry is a recognized leader in providing powerful visualization tools for manufacturing companies, and understands the important role that visual communications and collaboration play in complex procurement and product development efforts,' said Ram Sriram, founder and president of NexPrise.

'Cimmetry's powerful view and markup capability is a great enhancement to NexPrise's award-winning collaborative commerce solution for B2B exchanges.'

Licom's experience with high-tech engineering products and its success in the CAD/CAM field will be demonstrated at EuroMold 2000At Licom, the right blend of computer skills and engineering know-how develop, install and support powerful but practical CADCAM software to improve productivity by reducing time from design to manufacture from days to hours, from hours to minutes. Licom's experience with high-tech engineering products and its success in the CAD/CAM field will be demonstrated at euromold 2000. Licom AlphaCAM is a comprehensive and fully-featured CADCAM system for the Microsoft Windows 95/98/NT platforms with the ability to integrate fully with other systems and connect to any CNC machine type - Wire EDM, Turning, Milling, Punching, Engraving, Routers and all sheet profiling operations - Laser/Flame/Water.

The range has been further enhanced with the addition of a solid machining module AlphaCAM-SW, providing a link to SolidWorks - the solid modelling CAD system - providing a 100% integrated solid modelling and machining package.

All modules are supplied with an integrated Editor with RS232 I/O direct linking to the machine, and post processors are available for every machine tool.

AlphaCAM also incorporates Microsoft VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) and a powerful API (Application Programming Interface) allowing the user to add to, and automate, AlphaCAM processes.

AlphaCAM is also able to import tool geometries from Sandvik's comprehensive tool management system AutoTAS, and convert these into tool geometries for use within AlphaCAM.

With its intuitive user interface and powerful features, designed by engineers for engineers, AlphaCAM is the perfect system for taking your designs from concept to production.

At EuroMold 2000, the emphasis will be on eliminating waste, minimising downtime and maximising production throughput with a particular focus on the growth of 5-axis milling.

AlphaCAM, available in 14 different languages, continually develops to ensure that as more sophisticated and complex machines become available, it remains fast and easy to use.

The latest version of Tracecut, Renishaw's market leading digitising software, features a new surfacing module which will create true CAD surfaces suitable for export to any CAD system.

The latest version of Tracecut, Renishaw's market leading digitising software, features a new optional surfacing module. TraceSurf will create true CAD surfaces suitable for export to any CAD system. Tracecut Version 23 also features new standard options including 2 and a half D profiling, full modelling capability, a module for turbine blade tip refurbishment and simple dimensioning.

Tracecut controls the data capture routines for all Renishaw digitising systems, enables data to be manipulated by techniques including mirroring, scaling, rotation, translation and male/female inversion, and automatically creates split lines.

The software generates NC part programs to machine moulds, dies, press tools and EDM electrodes, with tool diameter and machining path totally independent of the stylus diameter and scan paths.

As an alternative, CAD outputs can be created.

The new TraceSurf module will allow Tracecut users to benefit from the seamless transfer of digitised data to CAD systems, in either IGES or STL formats, eliminating the problems of transferring large files of point-cloud data.

TraceSurf will simplify the creation of surfaces using powerful features such as a 'triangulation wizard' which automatically produces true surface CAD triangle data from digitised data.

Other functions include data trimming to remove extraneous areas of data, line construction, curve fitting, surface fitting and the ability to reverse surfaces.

Additional features include checks for surface smoothness, and an error analysis function that allows users to set tolerance bands for surface fit.

Users of TraceSurf will also benefit from the powerful combination of digitising and CAD technologies.

Major applications include the creation of accurate CAD models from handcrafted parts, the addition of complex details or decorations to the surfaces of standard products, the development of new parts from existing components, and minor styling changes to physical models in the final stages of product development.

A powerful new feature within Tracecut Version 23 is the ability to scan an object in different orientations and then merge the data to create a single model.

Using an indexer or automated indexing probe head, complete objects can be scanned, and users are able to view the full model in any orientation, allowing checks for data integrity prior to toolpath generation.

Complete machining programs for the object are produced within Tracecut.

To address the need to capture 2D profiles with varying Z heights, Tracecut Version 23 also includes a 2 and a half D scanning capability, allowing the scanning of components with internal corners or grooves that are not at a constant Z height.

The refurbishment of turbine blades is a complex area of manufacture.

A new module within Tracecut Version 23 offers a specific solution, allowing the scanning and re-machining of blade tips.

With a Tracecut a user can scan a blade, extrapolate the profile, and generate a helical machining program to remove any excess material which has been welded onto the blade tips during the repair process.

The top of the blade tip can also be trimmed, and a 'squealer' cut in the top of the blade.

Simple dimensioning of components is also possible with this latest version, including inspection report generation.

Whilst this module does not have the full sophisticated measurement capabilities of a CMM, it includes the facility to measure edges, single points, spheres, bores, bosses, arcs and widths, and calculate distances between features.

TraceSurf and Tracecut Version 23 will significantly enhance the functionality for users of Renishaw's data capture systems, whether using contact or laser probe versions of the Cyclone scanning machine, machine tool scanning sensors or probes mounted to co-ordinate measuring machines (CMMs).

The latest version of Tracecut, Renishaw's market leading digitising software, features a new optional surfacing module which will create true CAD surfaces suitable for export to any CAD system.
The latest version of Tracecut, Renishaw's market leading digitising software, features a new optional surfacing module. TraceSurf will create true CAD surfaces suitable for export to any CAD system. Tracecut Version 23 also features new standard options including 21/2D profiling, full modelling capability, a module for turbine blade tip refurbishment and simple dimensioning.

The new software will be available from September 2000.

Tracecut controls the data capture routines for all Renishaw digitising systems, enables data to be manipulated by techniques including mirroring, scaling, rotation, translation and male/female inversion, and automatically creates split lines.

The software generates NC part programs to machine moulds, dies, press tools and EDM electrodes, with tool diameter and machining path totally independent of the stylus diameter and scan paths.

As an alternative, CAD outputs can be created.

The new TraceSurf module will allow Tracecut users to benefit from the seamless transfer of digitised data to CAD systems, in either IGES or STL formats, eliminating the problems of transferring large files of point-cloud data.

TraceSurf will simplify the creation of surfaces using powerful features such as a 'triangulation wizard' which automatically produces true surface CAD triangle data from digitised data.

Other functions include data trimming to remove extraneous areas of data, line construction, curve fitting, surface fitting and the ability to reverse surfaces.

Additional features include checks for surface smoothness, and an error analysis function that allows users to set tolerance bands for surface fit.

Users of TraceSurf will also benefit from the powerful combination of digitising and CAD technologies.

Major applications include the creation of accurate CAD models from handcrafted parts, the addition of complex details or decorations to the surfaces of standard products, the development of new parts from existing components, and minor styling changes to physical models in the final stages of product development.

A powerful new feature within Tracecut Version 23 is the ability to scan an object in different orientations and then merge the data to create a single model.

Using an indexer or automated indexing probe head, complete objects can be scanned, and users are able to view the full model in any orientation, allowing checks for data integrity prior to toolpath generation.

Complete machining programs for the object are produced within Tracecut.

To address the need to capture 2D profiles with varying Z heights, Tracecut Version 23 also includes a 21/2D scanning capability, allowing the scanning of components with internal corners or grooves that are not at a constant Z height.

The refurbishment of turbine blades is a complex area of manufacture.

A new module within Tracecut Version 23 offers a specific solution, allowing the scanning and re-machining of blade tips.

With a Tracecut a user can scan a blade, extrapolate the profile, and generate a helical machining program to remove any excess material which has been welded onto the blade tips during the repair process.

The top of the blade tip can also be trimmed, and a 'squealer' cut in the top of the blade.

Simple dimensioning of components is also possible with this latest version, including inspection report generation.

Whilst this module does not have the full sophisticated measurement capabilities of a CMM, it includes the facility to measure edges, single points, spheres, bores, bosses, arcs and widths, and calculate distances between features.

TraceSurf and Tracecut Version 23 will significantly enhance the functionality for users of Renishaw's data capture systems, whether using contact or laser probe versions of the Cyclone scanning machine, machine tool scanning sensors or probes mounted to co-ordinate measuring machines (CMMs).

With the recent launch of EdgeCAM 5.0 and the introduction of Secure Surface machining technology (SSMT), Pathtrace of Reading has launched its new strategy for off-line programming software and CAD integration in both the mould and die, and production machining industries. By October 2000, both mould and die and production machining will be able to benefit from the first stages of EdgeCAM's fast track software development with Version 5.5. This will take advantage of the growth in mid-range solid model CAM, the increased demand for accurate and efficient surface machining strategies and the advancement in machine tool technology.

In particular, high speed machining, 3 + 2 and five-axis simultaneous cutting, and multi-axis and multi-spindle lathes will benefit.

EdgeCAM will also continue in the forefront of development to provide the user with the benefits of knowledge-based machining techniques and process optimisation at the CAM stage.

It will take full advantage of the Internet for processing information, remote data access with direct links to support and knowledge-base, while providing facilities for rental, downloading and upgrading as a global business development.

For the production environment, EdgeCAM 5.5 will introduce further automation of the programming process with hole optimisation within prismatic milling cycles.

The launch of 'turning for solids' is a further EdgeCAM breakthrough for programming mill-turn components.

Here, EdgeCAM will eliminate possible sources of error from conventional sectioning of components, which rely on the CAM operator to rotate or view multiple sections of the feature.

EdgeCAM will automatically rotate the part taking in all the elements of the feature.

Developments for mould and die will incorporate new 3-D rest finishing cycles and multi-tool rest roughing sequences with multi-level hole drilling and optimisation.

The introduction of user-defined machining templates and intelligent PCI generation will significantly help the programmer and improve the performance of EdgeCAM.

In addition, the first phase of a planned continuous improvement policy for design tools is being introduced.

As Asylum Models' existing off-line programming system began to creak under the demands of making the Body Zone's animated heart and brain for the 'Millennium Experience', it went for Edgecam.

When Millennium Dome animated models maker, Asylum Models, ordered the EdgeCAM off-line 3-D programming system from Pathtrace of Reading, it knew exactly what it was expecting. Prior to joining the north London special effects model maker, Jason Szukalski had spent 18 months at two previous companies selecting and using, in his view, the best 3-D programming system for CNC machines to produce architectural and engineering models. As Asylum's existing off-line programming system began to creak under the demands of making the Body Zone's animated heart and brain for the 'Millennium Experience', Jason Szukalski was ready to order EdgeCAM.

'Our old system was seriously lacking in 3-D capability and we knew already how EdgeCAM was ideal for what we needed to do in the future,' he says.

At the company, EdgeCAM is linked to a 3-axis flat bed router originally intended for machining wood.

But thanks to a bolt-on lubrication system, it is now just as capable of routing aluminium and brass.

Amongst Asylum's credible list of achievements is the animated '2' figures used by BBC2 TV and the company is currently working on replica Enigma decoding machines for a forthcoming film.

As Jason Szukalski says: 'We will be programming all our model making on EdgeCAM now in order to produce even better special effects and keep our name in the forefront of this business.'

Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software company, Open Mind, has assisted in creating a two metre high representation of Icarus, called the Millennium Angel. It was recently exhibited in London (Quaker Gallery, 52 St Martins Lane, 12th June - 2nd July) and is currently travelling to various trade shows, after which it will be cast in bronze and installed in Williamson Park, Lancaster, the home town of the sculptor, Anthony Padgett. The fantastic creature is said to break new artistic ground by fusing leading-edge computer and manufacturing technologies with images of former cultures, dating from British Victoriana back to Persepolis, a centre of technology and learning which was the seat of the Achaemenian kings of Iran (Persia) in the 6th to the 4th centuries BC.

The original 30 cm high sculpture was scanned by both laser and touch probes to produce a reverse engineered computer model which was scaled to two metres in height.

Stereo lithography has been used to produce various parts of the sculpture including the 60 cm3 head, one of the world's largest single-build SLA models.

In all, 15 companies have been involved in the sculpture's manufacture, representing sponsorship in kind valued at œ150,000.

Further details are on www.millennium-angel.co.uk .

Open Mind's responsibility were the two front legs, each measuring 720 x 240 x 240 mm.

They were scanned by Renishaw using its touch probe system and the data was passed as a 12 MB STL file to Open Mind in Wantage.

Here, the company's Hypermill software was used to generate the cutter paths needed to mill the legs based on mesh data created by Alta Systems.

The legs were machined at Yuasa Warwick Machinery from a dense fibre board using a 6 mm ball nose cutter on an Enshu EV650 machining centre fitted with a Fanuc 18 control.

Four sections were produced separately and glued together to form each leg.

Commented Open Mind's Clifford Ashwin, 'These were complicated profiles and some sections had undercuts requiring the fibre board block to be turned over.

The intelligent collision protection within our Hypermill software was especially useful as it was able to remember the new shape of the block after each layer was milled away, enabling retracts to be reduced and cutter paths optimised.

'We were able to progress quickly from a large number of random points to a machineable model, following which we post processed it to generate a program which would run on the Enshu/Fanuc equipment at Yuasa.

We are very pleased to have been able to assist with this most unusual project.'

Ability to import all electronic data formats via standard interfaces is a key feature of Open Mind's new Hyperform V5 CAM system, developed specifically for the mould and toolmaking sector.
Ability to import all electronic data formats via standard interfaces is a key feature of Open Mind's new Hyperform V5 computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system, developed specifically for the mould and toolmaking sector. Many data exchange formats are included such as IGES, STEP, DXF and VDA, and there is the option of a direct CATIA interface. Users with a multi-client customer base will therefore have no problem in handling CAD models presented in a variety of formats.

With the introduction of this product, Open Mind is now primarily focused on the mould, tool and die market and is emerging as one of the leaders in the field, according to the US research organisation, CIMdata, in its 1999 industry report.

The privately owned, German company was the fastest-growing cam software vendor in Europe during 1998 and 1999.

Last year, revenues grew by about 35 per cent over the previous year to in excess of US$15 million.

The rationale behind Hyperform is that many toolmakers do not want to provide a design service, choosing instead to import component data in electronic form from its customers.

Graphical exchange is normally required but invariably the models do not translate cleanly.

Toolmakers which find themselves in this position are looking for a powerful, stand-alone cam system married to basic CAD functions for performing limited operations on the imported model, such as surface functionality for closing gaps between surfaces, creation of boundaries and surface trimming.

This minimises the need to shuttle between CAD and CAM when preparing the imported model for machining.

Development of machining programs designed to maximise shop floor productivity is where Hyperform really shows its mettle.

The system satisfies the entire range of requirements from simple 2.5D pocket milling and drilling cycles through to full simultaneous 5-axis work with full collision avoidance.

An interesting aspect of the latter safety feature is that it takes into account both the tool and the toolholder.

Milling strategies available within Hyperform include Z-level roughing and finishing (waterlining), milling along leading curves, slope machining and fully automatic rest machining.

High speed functions include 3D equidistant finishing, HSC loops for finishing applications and automatic pencil milling.

According to the features being machined, the machining strategy can be switched between the overall (global) strategy and a more suitable / productive local strategy within the same program.

Automated calculation of machining areas and minimised tool movements reduce both program generation time and machining time for maximum productivity on simple or complex parts.

HyperFORM-originated tool paths can be viewed using the hyperVIEW simulation package, while post processors are available to suit the majority of CNC systems.

A series of software modules developed by Open Mind for five-axis CNC milling using its Hypermill and Hyperform products represents a major step forward in computer-aided manufacturing (CAM). As distinct from other five-axis programming software products, the new modules are easy to use, provide rapid program generation, exhibit high levels of process reliability and offer improved as-machined surface quality. Before embarking on the development, Open Mind identified in existing software from other vendors certain shortcomings which needed to be addressed.

Foremost was the inability of most to support reliable automatic collision checking, so as much or more time had to be spent on process simulation as on programming.

This in turn led to problems in applying five-axis machining to deep cavity work where it has much to offer.

As a result, a high proportion of five-axis work within manufacturing industry tended to use three interpolative and two positional axes to machine discrete features rather than the entire component.

Open Mind collaborated with the Fraunhofer Institut in Germany to develop a more complete solution to five-axis program generation.

It is based on a patented mathematical model which uses leading curves which define the inclination of the tool and therefore the machining axis position.

By comparing the leading curve against the polyhedral surface model of the component it is possible to detect whether the tool and its holder will come into contact, i.e collide, with the surface.

If this is the case, the angle of the tool is adjusted to compensate.

However, if a collision remains unavoidable then the cutter retracts to a safe position and a display advises a change in the tooling specification.

As the software includes a reliable collision-checking algorithm, the need for external simulation is eliminated so programming time is minimised.

Likewise, the program can utilise all of the machining axes to optimise cutting conditions so the run time of the machining program is reduced and the machined surface is of good quality.

It may also prove possible to machine cavities and surfaces completely in a continuous program, as a result of which the number of set-ups can be reduced while the need for electric discharge machining to finish details in deep cavities may be reduced or even eliminated.

Open Mind five-axis modules are suitable for mould and die, turbine blade and aerospace machining.

They make use of some or all of the specialised machining strategies developed to take advantage of the basic concept.

These are five-axis finishing, Z-level finishing, five-axis equidistant finishing, five-axis rest machining, five-axis top milling and side wall access relief (SWARF) cutting, and five-axis ISO machining.

Both dedicated and general-purpose post processors are available for use with the software.

The combination of Reading based Pathtrace's EdgeCAM off-line programming system with Autodesk's Mechanical Desktop has proved to be a potent force in the reduction of lead times at EFACEC, Portugal's leading manufacturer of electrical machines and equipment. EFACEC - Energia, Maquinas E Equipamentos E Equipamentos Electicos - is one of Portugal's largest manufacturing companies and has a well-established, world-wide network for distributing transformers, medium and high voltage equipment, and mobile substations. The company's new-found ability to use EdgeCAM for Mechanical Desktop allows it to precisely define three-dimensional solid mould tool models for families of motors, transformers, electrical power insulators and create the NC code for CNC machining on machine tools such as the Mitsui Seiki HS 5A horizontal machining centre with pallet changer.

This, the company claims, is now a fully integrated design to manufacturer capability.

The introduction of EdgeCAM's surface milling module, integrated with Autodesk's Mechanical Desktop for design, has allowed the whole design-to-manufacture process to be streamlined and has brought impressive savings in lead times.

The company maintains: 'It is the most comprehensive solids machining product available today.' Full associativity between the solid model and toolpaths provides the capability to program complex families of parts without the need for extensive reprogramming which is very important since different electrical insulation requirements necessitate design changes and new moulds to be machined.

Flight Refuelling is now using advanced CNC machine tools, the EdgeCAM off-line programming systeme, and an effective and reliable DNC network serving the shop floor

When it comes to optimising manufacturing performance, Flight Refuelling in Dorset, a member of Cobham plc, now has all the pieces of the jig-saw in place. Advanced CNC machine tools, for which many are capable of extensive single set-up working, together with the flexibility and power of EdgeCAM off-line programming system by Pathtrace, and an effective and reliable DNC network serving the shop floor via Seiki Systems are all fully operational. As a result lead times are reduced by up to 75 per cent and programming times cut by half.

FR-HiTEMP (a division of Flight Refuelling) has progressively moved toward one-hit machining with the phased installation of eight HiCELL multi-axis turning centres from Hitachi Seiki UK.

This has transformed production efficiency at the Wimborne-based company which manufactures fuel-related components and systems for the aerospace industry.

Many of these intricate parts are now produced under a 'one-hit' machining philosophy which has cut both cycle and lead times and improved accuracy, particularly in terms of relational features.

However, the part programs required for such multi-axis work are far more complex than for previous production methods involving separate CNC machine tools, so efficient programming, data management and control became a key issue.

This aspect of the manufacturing process has been addressed with the installation of an EdgeCAM off-line programming system, from Pathtrace of Reading and, DNC software and terminals from Seiki Systems of Brighton.

While both companies maintain independent operations, they have formed a distribution agreement that provides customers with a single source supply of the leading CAM and factory communications software.

It was this single source deal that bought these two systems to service some 18 CNC machines installed for civilian aerospace work.

A prime example which highlights the benefits of the FR-HiTEMP 'one-hit' machining and advanced programming concept involves a family of end connectors machined from 100 mm diameter by 63 mm long aluminium alloy billets.

Production involves: turning, recessed profiling, milling, drilling, spherical boring and facing as well as the machining of 'O' ring grooves.

These components were originally produced on four separate CNC machines with a total programming time of over 30 hours.

Now, these parts are produced in a 'one-hit' cycle on Hitachi Seiki HiCELL turning centres reducing lead times by some 75 per cent and the more complex programs generated in under 20 hours on EdgeCAM.

'The move toward advanced C- and Y-axis machining meant we had to upgrade our previous CAM system,' says CNC programmer Steve Clarke.

He explains: 'With around 80 per cent of components being produced on the HiCELLs, we needed a programming system which could readily handle complex multi-axis 3D work.

It also had to accept IGES and DXF file-type CAD data while being a flexible and easy to use system which was equally at home on simple 2D profiles.' The company finally specified EdgeCAM on the grounds of performance, price, capability and all-round versatility.

It was also impressed with such features as Code Wizard, which enables post processors to be readily tailored for individual machines by the company's own programming engineers.

FR-HiTEMP now has 12 EdgeCAM seats to program a wide variety of components which are often very complex and include families of valve housings, spherical plugs, end connections and fuel-related pump parts along with a range of other fluid handling units.

Machined from either S130 aluminium alloy or stainless steel bar, in sizes between 38 mm and 152 mm diameter, these parts are produced to tolerances as tight as 0.02 mm and in typical batch sizes of 20.

A high proportion of production involves machining spherical features and the introduction of single operation machining with advanced programming, has also enabled some sub-assemblies to be re-engineered in order to reduce the number of separate parts required.

Certain fuel related products are now manufactured from two more complex instead of three individual components and this has obviously improved lead times as well as manufacturing economics in general.

This means the programs required are obviously much more complicated than before.

But even where the number of sub-assembly elements has not been reduced, most products are now manufactured in a single set-up on the HiCELLs which further compounds the programming task.

Here, the power of EdgeCAM has come into its own, enabling rapid and very cost-effective part program instructions involving turning, surface and multi-axis milling, C- and Y- axis machining.

'Viewed in general terms, we can operate EdgeCAM up to 50 per cent faster than the previous CAM system,' says Steve Clarke.

He follows on to explain how the Seiki DNC system has also enabled the EdgeCAM programs to be effectively and speedily distributed to the CNC machines on the shop floor.

Terminals are spread around the shop floor to enable operators to have immediate access to production schedules, tooling list and other key manufacturing data - as well as the programs themselves.

This has created the immediate effect that management of all program transfer functions and issue changes is now optimised and, with well over 10,000 part programs stored on the file server, such control is vital.

Machining operations on aluminium valve bodies measuring 38 mm diameter by 76 mm long have also been streamlined.

These components require: turning, face grooving, boring, threading, milling and facing, drilling, tapping and boring.

Previously, two separate CNC machines were used and the programming time was some 32 hours.

Today, these parts are machined in a single set-up on a HiCELL and EdgeCAM has cut the programming time by half to just 16 hours.

Both EdgeCAM and the Seiki Systems DNC system are also used by programmers involved on the military side of Flight Refuelling's business at Wimborne.

Working in the same department, these engineers program a wide range of CNC machine tools for the manufacture of components including drones and tanks for in-flight refuelling and weapons release systems.

These projects often require the machining of some quite intricate steel castings - a task easily handled by EdgeCAM.

The off-line programming system has made a big difference to operating efficiency at FR-HiTEMP as Steve Clarke concluded: 'As well as enabling us to program more complex machine moves in less time, EdgeCAM readily accepts electronic CAD data from our design office and is easy to use.

The Code Wizard feature, in particular, has been a real boon allowing us to write specific machine post processors in about a day and a half instead of the five days or so before.'

Delcam has been confirmed as the leading international supplier of manufacturing software to the mould, tool and die industry in the latest publication from renowned US consulting and market research firm CIMdata. The company was also one of the fastest growing manufacturing software suppliers to all industries during 1999. The report, NC Software and Related Services Market Assessment, names Delcam as the leading supplier to the toolmaking industry in both North America and in Europe, and places the company third in the Asia-Pacific region behind Graphic Products and Hitachi Zosen, two Japanese suppliers that dominate their home market.

Delcam is the only supplier that appears in the top three rankings in all three geographic areas.

Delcam was also the largest specialist supplier of manufacturing software to the automotive industry.

This sector is dominated by suppliers of integrated design, data management and manufacturing systems, such as CATIA from Dassault and Unigraphics.

Delcam is, however, a bigger supplier of cam software to the automotive industry than SDRC, despite the latter's position as the preferred supplier to Ford.

Delcam's record sales in 1999 made it one of the fastest growing suppliers.

The company's end-user payments increased by 20%, almost three times the 6.8% growth recorded for the total market.

Of the leading ten developers, Delcam's growth was second only to Unigraphics, which showed an exceptional increase due, in part, to the company's acquisition of another major supplier, Applicon.

Delcam is forecast to show further gains in market share during this year.

Commenting on the results, Delcam's Managing Director Hugh Humphreys said, 'I am delighted that our position has been confirmed as the leading supplier of NC software and services to the toolmaking industry.

However, we need to ensure that we continue to increase our market share in the future.

To this end, we will be delivering a major upgrade to our PowerMILL machining software in the summer.

This will give our customers even greater flexibility and productivity in all their machining operations.

EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid from Pathtrace is a major breakthrough that bridges the CAD to CAM barrier allowing users to directly machine Parasolid design models such as Solid Edge, SolidWorks and other leading CAD systems inside EdgeCAM's dynamic environment. Mould and toolmakers and production machine tool programmers are able to accept solid model design data directly from any leading Parasolid-based CAD system. This direct acceptance overcomes problems where translators can strip out 'intelligence' such as topology feature data and dimensional information from the original model.

EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid provides a major step forward in flexibility and productivity for both the production departments and programmers working in the mould, tool and die industries.

In particular, where customer design offices are using SolidWorks, Solid Edge, or other Parasolid-based CAD software, EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid is able to provide a 'universal' solution.

Through an innovative Solid Machinist feature, operator input can be reduced by utilising Automatic Feature Recognition (AFR), which will automatically locate and present the user with the machinable features.

EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid will also recognise a previously programmed part model, automatically detach any modified features and update the toolpath accordingly.

The EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid capability to machine solid model design data from any CAD system opens up new levels of flexibility in CAD and CAM.

With the latest developments investment costs and software updating can be reduced when the machinist company is faced with different customers using a variety of CAD systems.

Normally, the machinist is faced with two problems - purchasing a cam system from the same CAD supplier used by the customer in order to obtain full compatibility, or risk data loss by using 'universal' translators such as IGES or DXF.

The disadvantage of using a translator is that it does not understand features or dimensions.

It will not comprehend, for instance, whether a circle is really a pocket, or an island.

For maximum flexibility, CAM programmers and machinists need the capability and independence to handle CAD files directly and efficiently.

Here, EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid's ability to process Parasolid models enables the user to manipulate the intelligent files ready to output the relevant CNC code.

EdgeCAM Solid Machinist for Parasolid can also recognise a part model previously programmed that has, for instance, a raised issue from design.

From that model, it will automatically identify features that have been modified through its AFR capability.

AFR then presents the operator with the machinable features, thus reducing operator input, ready for updating the CNC code to accommodate the change.

Delcam upgrades mould design software Delcam, the UK's leading supplier of software for toolmaking, has launched a major upgrade to its PS-Mold system for the design of injection moulding tools for plastics. PS-Mold is a highly automated program that enables the key components of the mould to be designed in a fraction of the time needed with conventional drawing methods. As a result, toolmakers can begin machining that much sooner and deliver tooling much more rapidly.

PS-Mold can be used together with Delcam's PowerSHAPE hybrid modelling software and PowerMILL machining program to complete every stage of mould tool manufacture, from the receipt of the product model through to the production of detail drawings, the bill of materials and manufacturing data.

PS-Mold incorporates the same interface style, including the intelligent cursor, which makes all the Power Solution software so easy to learn and use.

The new release features a range of enhancements, including a modified interface that allows users to work simultaneously on both the three-dimensional CAD model of the mould and the detail drawings, and much closer integration with PowerMILL to enable feature-based machining of the mould base designs generated by the software.

Like other computerised mould design systems, PS-Mold is supplied with databases of mould components from leading suppliers such as Hasco, DMS and DME.

However, unlike most other systems, PS-Mold does not rely on the conventional history-tree approach to recording and modifying the models generated.

Instead, the software incorporates thousands of rules that are specific to injection mould tool design.

The inclusion of these rules makes the design process both quicker and easier.

The software 'understands' how components of a mould fit together and so can suggest automatically sensible sizes and positions for each new part as it is added.

Similarly, it adds related features automatically.

If, for example, an ejector pin is added to the design, all the associated holes are placed in the plates through which it passes.

The rules also make design modifications both easier and faster.

Firstly, the software knows which items are linked and so only changes the components it knows will be affected by the modification.

So, if the ejector pin is moved or deleted, only associated holes and components are also moved or deleted.

Other systems regenerate the complete model whenever any component changes, which can be very time-consuming.

Also, PS-Mold recommends automatically the nearest standard component when making alterations.

Other systems simply make the direct mathematical change.

This can lead to large numbers of non-standard components, which are both expensive and time-consuming to produce.

With PS-Mold's new interface, both the three-dimensional CAD model and all two-dimensional drawings, including the general assembly and the bill of materials, are updated continuously as the design progresses.

The designer can use these in discussions with his customer, and also with suppliers when ordering materials and components.

Once the design has been finalised, details of the mould plates can be passed directly to PowerMILL.

The machining software can now recognise the features, for example, holes and pockets, needing to be machined and generate the necessary NC code automatically, using standard or user-defined defaults.

Jetcam International has announced the release of its new 3D modelling and unfolding system - Jetcam 3D Expert. Jetcam 3D Expert is the latest product released by the company to simplify and accelerate the process of taking sheet metal products from design through to manufacturing in the least expensive and most efficient way possible. Intended to complement rather than compete with general-purpose CAD packages, Jetcam 3D Expert deals with specialised and complex issues that need to be taken into account in creating three-dimensional sheet metal objects.

These include the way the metal bends, the distortions that occur during the actual bending process and also the types of tools available in the bending machine.

Once designed, the system will work out the flat 'blank' that needs to be produced which, after bending, will turn into the finished product.

Jetcam Expert can then be used to program the punching/cutting machine to make this blank.

As with all other modules in the Expert series, 3D expert uses SEKT(r) technology, storing an array of information held and linked across several databases, including information on material, punch press and press brake tooling etc.

Bend data is automatically calculated by SEKT(r) or collected data is used, based on the specified machine and tooling.

During the construction process the user can view the component in several ways - simultaneously.

These include 2D flat pattern, 3D wire-frame, 3D rendered etc.

Complex operations, such as bull nose and spot-weld tabs are handled automatically, as is the calculation of true bend radius, bend allowances and bend zone length.

In line with the Jetcam philosophy, Jetcam 3D expert is a ready-to-run application with minimal training required.

Jetcam does offer full training with each license sold, however no more than one day is generally required, even for users with little or no experience.

An integral part of the system is the on-line help facility, offering several ways to obtain help, including video on demand on each main function.

By simply hitting the F2 key the user is presented with a context sensitive movie detailing the function that they are trying to perform.

A Jetcam engineer is heard narrating the procedure required to perform the task whilst the user views it being performed on-screen.

It is exactly this method of on-going assistance that ensures Jetcam customers can make the most of their software, whatever their technical background - immediately.

Jetcam 3D Expert is compatible with Windows 95/98/2000 and NT3.51 upwards and is Y2K compliant.

Jetcam 3D Expert contains: Extensive Material Databases * Press Brake Tooling Databases * Punch press tooling Databases * Automatic Complex Contact Construction * Automatic Box Shape Construction * Other Automatic Profile Combinations * 'Dutch' Fold Support * Offset Bend Support

Faced with an ever-increasing demand for more complex machined surfaces, Maidenhead-based motor sports supplier, Hewland Engineering, decided that to achieve the best off-line programming solution was to invest in Edgecam, by Pathtrace of Reading, the market- leading CAM system. Hewland Engineering, which produces high quality gearboxes for motor sports teams, manufacturers all its components in-house. A long term investment programme has seen the purchase of the very latest machine tool technology, which includes more than ?3 million of gear cutting equipment over the past three years While shafts for its gearboxes are produced on the company's three-axis lathe, it was the increasing complexity of prismatic components that generated the need for the investment in the Edgecam system.

Machining centres operated by Hewland include a Matsurra, a Kira and OKK's fitted with rotary trunnions to provide a fourth-axis capability.

All CNC programming is carried out off-line, as production engineer, Michael Mack, explains: 'As the parts we produce become more complicated, the programming time also increases.

In our market, we cannot afford to stand still, and we must keep our machine tool spindles producing for the maximum amount of time which means we must program off-line.

Edgecam, with its advanced surface modelling capability, has enabled us to achieve this objective,' he maintains.

The Edgecam system has been installed to replace an existing CAM system.

Says Michael Mack: 'The software was readily accepted by our programming staff and the back-up and support from Pathtrace has been first rate.

Pathtrace wrote the post processor to suit our lathes but subsequently we have written the others.

A major development in the Edgecam portfolio is the launch of 'Solid Machinist' which will enable uses to directly machine Parasolid models inside the off-line programming software. With the availability of Automatic Feature Recognition of machinable features, along with feature identification, the automation of machining processes is further increased. With the launch of Edgecam Version 4.5 before the year 2000, Pathtrace of Reading will redefine the trail being followed by leading CAM developers towards fully automated machining of solid models within the suite of software and further enhance the support of autodesk mechanical desktop Version 4.

David Boucher, Development Director says: 'Edgecam 4.5 is a significant step towards fully automated manufacturing.

It will reduce further the time to market and increase the efficiency of users.' Edgecam has seen progressive improvements since its introduction in 1993 with a very active worldwide reseller network feeding back application-specific market information.

This not only ensures Edgecam maintains its market leading technology position, it has also become highly customer orientated in providing solutions to programming and machining problem areas.

With the close association with Autodesk's CAD Solid Modeller, Mechanical Desktop, a strong link has been forged in the development of CAD to CAM and solids machining.

Edgecam for Mechanical Desktop is also upgraded to encompass the latest generation developments by Autodesk in Version 4.0 of its Mechanical Desktop CAD software including new architecture, additional improvements for the machining of solids and increased 'Interoperability' between the two fully integrated products.

Mould and die specialist machinists will benefit, in particular, from the new Pencil Milling strategy allowing automatic detection and application of a single cutter pass along each internal surface intersection of a model.

In line with the development of Edgecam Version 4.0, the ToolStore software is further enhanced with a new materials database to enable automatic calculation of cutting speeds and feeds.

The ready to use database is populated with an extensive range of materials, insert and cutting data.

Also, user-defined data can be added which provides even greater flexibility for customisation.

In addition, Pathtrace is to incorporate its extensive machining experience to apply major enhancements to its software turning program with Edgecam.

Delcam has released a much easier to use version of its STL file repair software, Trifix. This is needed mainly by rapid prototyping bureaux to ensure high quality RP models but can also be used to repair triangle files for analysis software. The new release gives improved verification and repair of these files, and also incorporates a new interface and more automated operation.

'Most users are now capable of generating satisfactory STL files from models built within a single CAD system,' commented Delcam's Product Manager, Chris Lawrie.

'However, there are still problems with data that has been translated between systems, for example when the product designer and the rapid prototyping bureau use different software.

Typical problems that Trifix can solve in these cases include gaps in the model or overlapping surfaces.' 'CAD models generated from digitised data can also suffer from these problems and Trifix can equally ensure that high quality prototypes can be produced from this type of data.' Trifix also allows a range of other common problems with STL files to be rectified.

Duplicate triangles and nodes can be removed, so can triangles with less than a given height, intersecting triangles, and triangles that have more than one other triangle sharing an edge.

Increased 'intelligence' within the software means that typically 80% of problems within a file can be solved automatically.

Unlike most other automated healing systems, Trifix does not apply the same tolerance throughout the model.

Instead, it begins working with a low tolerance and solves as many problems as it can.

It then automatically increases the tolerance in a series of steps and tackles the remaining problems as the tolerance increases.

This approach ensures that the underlying surfaces within the model will be changed as little as possible

All visitors to Delcam's web site can claim free CAD viewing software. The software can be used to view models from Delcam's Powershape CAD package or from most other CAD systems by using the integrated IGES translator. By allowing all participants in any project to view models at any time, the viewer will enable companies to improve communications between departments and so help them to manage projects more efficiently.

It will be particularly useful to those involved in sales or marketing as they will be able to use the viewer to discuss progress on a project with the customer, instead of having to interrupt the company's CAD operators.

The free viewer is also available as part of the Delcam's new corporate CD.

This also includes a free evaluation copy of the company's Powershape hybrid CAD modeller and a wide range of information on product development and toolmaking from the Delcam web site, plus videos of demonstrations of all of Delcam's Power Solution software.

The evaluation copy of Powershape has all the functionality of the current release for both solid and surface modelling but has the save capability disabled.

A special series of tutorials has been added to allow users to assess the software in a controlled way.

The Delcam viewer and the Powershape evaluation version should run on any Pentium PC with a minimum of 128 Mb RAM running Windows 98 or Windows NT.

The Powershape hybrid CAD system is a key component in Delcam's Power Solution range of software.

The full range comprises Powershape, plus the associated drafting and mould design modules PS-Draft and PS-Mold; PowerMILL, the UK's leading cam system for modelmaking and toolmaking; the reverse engineering package CopyCAD; ArtCAM for 3D engraving; and PowerINSPECT for inspection.

Together they offer a complete solution for companies working with complex shapes, covering their software needs for product design, tooling manufacture and sample inspection.

An electrically-operated gripper hand has three identical, double-jointed fingers, two of which can be reconfigured with coupled movement at the base by 90 deg in opposing directions.'Intelligent' gripper uses three fingers An electrically-operated gripper hand has three identical, double-jointed fingers, two of which can be reconfigured with coupled movement at the base by 90 deg in opposing directions. Schunk has now launched its new electrically-operated three-finger gripper hand, the Schunk Dextrous Hand (SDH). Equipped with three identical, double-jointed fingers, the SDH has two fingers that can be reconfigured with coupled movement at the base by 90 deg in opposing directions.
Localised contact forces are registered and transmitted back to the controls by means of six tactile sensor fields on the grip surfaces that enable object recognition as well as a delicate, tactile and secure gripping process.
The seven independent movement joints of the SDH enable performance of the industrial gripping types of 'three-finger centric', 'two-finger parallel' or 'cylindrical grip' plus many further types of gripping.
The intelligence of the SDH lies in the base of the hand as the control strategies for the different grip scenarios can be loaded into the memory of the hand's electronics as a decentralised programme module.
The SDH concept is aimed particularly at the use of the hand in difficult industrial environments.
The thre-finger hand fulfils many important requirements in this respect and it can be programmed for different workpieces as well as a family of parts.
Using the optional tactile sensor system for pressure and surface recognition, the hand can detect whether a sensitive object has been gripped in the best way or whether the grip needs to be corrected (reactive gripping).
Depending on the object and interaction with people, the joint modules of the SDH can generate torques of up to 4.8Nm for the proximal joint module and 2.1Nm for the distal joint module, which almost corresponds to the strength of the human hand.
For the SDH to be able to master the cylindrical grip as well as the parallel and centric grip, two of the fingers can be angled towards each other.
This allows the SDH to grip cylindrical objects securely.
So that the SDH maintains a secure grip even under rough operating conditions, all the linkage areas and joints are statically or dynamically sealed to protect against dust and moisture.
The SDH offers a high level of safety when interacting with man and machine.
The hand has no corners or sharp edges and the wiring is securely protected within the sealed fingers by special rotating guides.
Gripping speed and force can be programmed depending on the task or processing in question so that gripping presents no dangers.
If a finger nevertheless encounters an obstacle, the drives within the hand detect the increased power consumption generated within milliseconds.
In order to meet the demands of the rapidly growing market for mobile industrial and service robotics, the power supply of the SDH is designed for 24V DC.
The intelligent components in the base of the hand also make the three-finger hand a versatile robotic component to control.
The function and mobility of the fingers have deliberately been designed in a modular way to enable integration with individual models in future and secondly to produce unit cost benefits by covering different robot types and gripping tasks with the same components.
The design of the SDH therefore complies fully with the Schunk philosophy: 'from the individual module to the complex robot structure'

Robots speed and accuracy will allow manufacturers to increases cost-effectiveness of a welding cell by reducing scrap in applications such as laser cutting, welding and measuring.KUKA Robotics Corporation, a leading global manufacturer of industrial robots, today announced it has extended its robot product offering with new robots for welding, cutting and measuring applications. The new robot model are designed for tasks requiring high speed accuracy including welding, cutting and measuring applications. The robots' speed and accuracy will allow manufacturers to increases cost-effectiveness of a welding cell by reducing scrap in applications such as laser cutting.
The robots have a payload capacity of up to 100kg and reaches up to 3000mm and despite their size and reach are extremely accurate a path repeatability of approximately 0.1mm.
'The new robots' accuracy and speed make them ideal for high precision tasks such as laser welding, laser cutting and measuring,' said Kevin Kozuszek, director of marketing for KUKA Robotics Corporation.
'Additionally, thanks to its modular design and the versatility of the KUKA controller they can be quickly reconfigured for use in other tasks such as adhesive application.' The new robots will be offered in three models.
The KUKA KR 100 HA robot is the basic model with a reach of 2600mm and payload capacity of 100kg.
The KUKA KR 100 L90 HA is an extended model having a reach of 2800mm, an additional arm extension of 200mm and a new payload capacity of 90kg.
Finally, the KUKA KR 100 L80 HA model has a reach of 3000mm, an additional arm extension of 400mm and a payload capacity of 80kg.
* About KUKA - KUKA Robotics Corporation, with its parent company KUKA Roboter, Augsburg, Germany, is one of the world's leading manufacturers of industrial robots, with an annual production volume approaching 7,500 units, and an installed base of over 75,000 units.
Core competencies are the development, production and sale of industrial robots, controllers, software and linear units The company's 5- and 6-axis robots range from 3kg to 570kg payloads, and 635mm to 3700mm reach, all controlled from a common PC based controller platform.
KUKA robots are utilized in a diverse range of industries including the appliance, automotive, aerospace, consumer goods, logistics, food, pharmaceutical, medical, foundry and plastics industries and in multiple applications including material handling, machine loading, assembly, packaging, palletizing, welding, bending, joining, and surface finishing.

A large part of an automotive supplier's automation has allowed it to employ over 160 new hires in the last year, reports Rob Hermann, project manager of FANUC Robotics Midwest, USA.Machine shop robotic automation expands business A large part of an automotive supplier's automation has allowed it to employ over 160 new hires in the last year, reports Rob Hermann, project manager of FANUC Robotics Midwest, USA. Engineered Machined Products (EMP), based in Escanaba, Michigan, USA, is a Tier 1 supplier to major diesel engine manufacturers. It is hard to imagine that such a successful and high-tech manufacturing operation is located in the natural beauty of Michigan's Upper Peninsula, but it is there, and if you would ask any one of its employees it is going to stay put.
Brian Larche purchased EMP in 1991 and yielded US$6 million in revenue.
Larche's dream was to make EMP a world-class supplier of automotive components, and maintain his factory in Escanaba.
Today, EMP's revenue has exceeded the US$320 million mark; it employs 800 people, and has an extensive R and D Technology Center, which has over thirty (30) thermal management and oil management related patents.
In addition, EMP sponsors two vehicles in NASCAR circuit, Brian Vickers in NASCAR Nextel Cup and Kyle Busch in the NASCAR Busch Series.
Like most manufacturers today, EMP faces serious challenges to produce high-quality products and solutions for their customers, stay competitive, and keep their operations in Escanaba.
'Brian had a vision to keep his business here in Escanaba, and in order to do that he had to automate,' said Gabe Kluka, manufacturing manager, EMP.
'He is also very dedicated to our community and has implemented automation to keep the jobs here in Delta County.' To meet their challenges head on, EMP decided to implement the latest robotic technologies.
The company worked with FANUC Robotics' Hoffman Estates, Illinois, engineers to design robotic systems that would maximize their productivity.
EMP purchased its first robot from FANUC Robotics in 1999.
The cell serviced four CNC lathes and gave them a taste of what automation could do for their company.
In 2000, EMP took on a contract with a major diesel engine manufacturer to provide high-pressure fuel delivery rails.
While focusing on their challenges, EMP called upon Makino and FANUC Robotics to develop a solution for the high-volume machining operation.
Producing high-pressure fuel delivery rails is complex, because the rails often require several machining processes to manufacture, and cycle times are very long for each process.
The team determined that a multiple robot solution would not be an economical decision for this application.
* Toploader robots selected for the job - FANUC Robotics' Toploader series of articulated gantry robots were evaluated for EMP's machining operation.
Compared to traditional linear gantry robots, Toploaders reduce floor space and ceiling height requirements.
They also provide six-axis dexterity to perform value-added post-processing operations such as degating, deflashing, labeling, quality assurance, packaging and palletizing.
EMP determined that the M-710iT Toploader robot, with a 70kg capacity, and a variety of rail lengths would best suit their needs.
Two FANUC Toploaders now services eight machine portals (some leading to several machining centers on Makino's MSC system).
The cell layout allowed EMP to place the machines in close proximity around the robot rail, minimizing the traditional circle configuration with pedestal-mount robots.
This two-robot line would have required over four people per shift to handle the heavy parts, not to mention the ergonomic issues surrounding repetitive loading and unloading motion.
Robots just made sense.
The 70kg robots are able to handle two parts at once and since each robot performs the same process and operates independently, EMP can shut down one side if necessary while maintaining production capabilities on the other side.
System operation - parts are manually loaded onto a fixtured conveyor and transported into the cells.
Each robot services two operations per cell, OP10 and OP20.
The robot starts by removing two parts from the movable machine fixture on the Makino MSC system in OP20 and places them on a four-position asynchronous pallet conveyor to be transported on to post machining and cleaning processes.
The robot then removes two parts from the OP10 machine and places them on a re-grip station where the parts are turned over for machining in the OP20 machines.
Next, the robot loads the parts onto the OP20 machine fixture and returns to the infeed conveyor.
Finally, the robot acquires two raw parts from the infeed conveyor, loads the OP10 machine, and the process is repeated.
The robot's flexibility allows it to service any OP10 and/or OP20 combination in situations when a machine is undergoing service or tool changes.
Since this cell's inception in 2001, it has undergone a re-tooling to accommodate revisions to the fuel rail.
Because the system was designed to easily handle customer modifications, machining processes and automation changes were minimal, and only required new machine fixtures and robot end-of-arm tooling (EOAT).
EMP has automated additional machining applications and now has eleven FANUC Toploader robots in operation.
The company is currently the primary source for high-pressure fuel delivery rails for two major diesel engine manufacturers.
'Our automation focus on complex precision machining has allowed us to expand into areas that a typical machine shop would not be able to tackle,' said Kluka.
* Robots with vision - in addition to machining operations using Toploader robots, EMP has incorporated other types of FANUC robots at their facility.
For example, the FANUC R2000iA/165F robot is used in several smaller machining cells throughout EMP's factories.
The smaller systems are not only economical, but enable EMP to easily change product runs with minimal to no physical component changes.
FANUC's 2D vision system combined with DTS America's flat-belt conveyors allow for a variety of parts (fitting within the parameters of the system) to be conveyed into the cell and located by the vision system.
For example, a machining cell that processes water pump impellers contains two R-2000iA robots and two over/under flat-belt conveyors along with two FANUC 2D Vision systems.
A single Industrial PC controls the two cameras; the frame-grabber will allow up to eight cameras on a single PC.
Communications between the PC and the robots is furnished via Ethernet; all FANUC robots are equipped with Ethernet on R-J3 and newer controller platforms.
Currently the system handles nine variations of impellers with simple changeover on the robots.
Due to multiple-sized parts that are run on the system, the parts are placed on pucks that ride on the flat-belt conveyors.
When a part is removed from the puck, the robot picks up the puck and places it on the outfeed conveyor.
The finished part is then placed on the puck for transportation out of the cell.
During a product change the cell enters a cleanout mode initiated by the operator via the SNPX-interface HMI connected directly to the robot controller.
The robot completes the cleanout process, aborts, and a new part number is entered on the HMI.
The operator changes out the EOAT fingers and quick-change-tooling on the machine tool, presses 'cycle start', and the robot is able to make the next product.
The robot is equipped with a tool changer if EMP elects to incorporate automatic product change to meet future demands.
EMP also has robots doing assembly work at all three of its plant locations (Escanaba, Michigan, Indianapolis and Greenfield, Indiana) These assembly processes have several small parts (sub-assemblies) that are incorporated into the final assembled product - all accomplished by robots - minimizing human intervention and inconsistencies, while assuring delivery of a quality product.
According to Kluka, our visitors are amazed by the amount of automation that EMP uses on its production floor.
'We are as nimble and aggressive with our business as we can possibly be.
As a lot of companies downsize and send their work overseas, it feels good to have a successful manufacturing operation here in Michigan,' added Kluka.
'A large part of our automation has allowed us to employ over 160 new hires in the last year.
That is why we are dedicated to driving automation to the furthest extent that we can,' said Kluka.
* About EMP - Headquartered in Escanaba, Michigan, Engineered Machined Products is a leader in high-performance, high-efficiency, thermal and oil management systems for engine and process cooling applications.
Under current ownership since 1991, EMP is a leading manufacturer of diesel engine pumps in North America.
EMP has built a solid reputation in the diesel engine industry for its leading manufacturing, tooling and design capabilities.

Robot cost reductions and the declining cost of overall turnkey systems coupled with the improving performance of robots has boosted North American robot usage growth, said Mark Handelsmann.According to the Robotic Industries Association, the North American robotics industry grew at an average annual rate of 20% from 2003-2005. Taking into consideration a relatively soft automotive market and increased pressure from overseas manufacturers, how has this strong growth occurred? An ongoing trend of cost reductions has been a factor.
The price for both robots and overall turnkey systems has continued to decline.
Also driving the strong growth is the continually improving performance of robots.
Robots can perform tasks today that were not possible just a few years ago.
Robots can also do more in less time, providing higher levels of productivity.
Perhaps the most important long-term trend has been the increased advances in robot intelligence.
Since their initial inception, robots have had some level of intelligence in making decisions about part availability, checking if a feature is present, detecting error conditions, or related issues.
In most cases, this intelligence was based on a specific sensor detecting a specific condition.
For example, a photo eye is used to detect that a part is present, and in the correct orientation through the presence or absence of a pin, detent or other feature.
This photo eye is then wired to a PLC or directly to the robot controller.
At the appropriate time in the robot program the robot checks this photo eye to confirm that the part is in position and in the correct orientation before picking it up or performing some other operation.
Using a photo eye or similar sensor for this example is a simple and reliable approach, and is probably the right choice in this instance.
However, opportunities for automation are not always this simple.
Multiple part styles may need to be handled.
The means of differentiating parts may be more complex.
Parts or the manufacturing process may not lend itself to simple conveyors.
For example, parts located in bins, with layers separated by a slip sheet are commonly used for metal parts.
Parts may have complex geometries, making them more difficult to locate without the additional cost for fixtures to locate the parts.
* Two dimensional vision location - adding the means necessary to deal with these types of complexities has been a major barrier to the increased use of robotics in some industries.
Recently this has begun to change.
The technology that has had the most significant short-term impact has been two dimensional vision systems.
2D vision systems consist of standard industrial cameras used to take images that are processed by the robot to make decisions on how parts should be handled.
Industrial vision systems have been available for some time, but they have reached the price-performance-reliability point that allows them to be used for applications that were not feasible just a few years ago.
A good example is using a vision system in conjunction with a robot to locate parts stacked in bins separated by standard slip sheets.
This is a common means of transporting parts from plant to plant or even to transport parts within a plant.
Without the use of a vision system, manufacturers must use relatively expensive formed plastic dunnage or some other means of accurately locating parts within a bin This type of formed plastic dunnage that can be stacked within a bin is relatively expensive with the mold alone costing US$60,000 to US$100,000 to design and manufacture.
2D vision systems are a good alternative to formed dunnage or other relatively expensive methods of locating parts within a bin.
Until recently, there were many issues that made using a vision system difficult, including variations in part color from batch to batch, variations in the condition of the bins, or markings that are left on reused separator sheets.
With ongoing advances in vision technology, these issues can now be overcome with good success.
Today's 2D vision systems can locate most parts that can stack on top of separator sheets within bins.
The typical approach to this application is to use a camera mounted over the bin to locate parts.
The camera is mounted high enough so that a robot can move underneath the camera and into the bin.
At the beginning of each layer, the robot processes an image of a layer of parts and determines where to pick up each part.
If more precise positioning is required, a camera can also be mounted to a robot.
The robot then moves the camera over a part or group of parts, takes a picture, and passes this information to the robot to determine where to pick each part.
When all of the gears in each layer are removed, the robot removes the separator sheet and starts removing parts from the next layer.
With either a fixed camera or a robot-mounted camera, the incremental investment to add vision is significantly less than the cost to develop a special dunnage or other alternatives to locating parts.
Vision systems also provide greater flexibility for handling different parts on the same line, or adapting to a part change-over.
Automated de-stacking systems like this were cost prohibitive just a few years ago.
Now, with integrated vision, robots are feasible and affordable.
Another example where vision technology has enabled the use of robots is by lowering the cost of conveyors used to present parts to robots.
Prior to the use of 2D vision systems, many parts had to be located on fixtured pallets conveyed by pallet conveyors.
The cost for even the simplest pallet conveyor is US$30,000, with longer runs of conveyor costing more.
With advances in 2D vision technology, parts can be transported from operation to operation on relatively inexpensive belt conveyors.
Parts placed onto conveyors either by operators or other robots are then conveyed to the robot.
A camera located over the end of the conveyor first detects when a part is located at the end of the conveyor, stopping the conveyor drive.
This camera also locates the part so the robot can pick it up.
As with picking parts off separator sheets in bins, vision technology has advanced to the point where most parts can be identified and picked up by a robot off of a belt conveyor.
* Three dimensional vision location - 2D vision systems are great for parts that lie flat, but this is not always possible.
Within the past few years, three-dimensional vision systems have become feasible for some applications where parts do not lie flat.
For example, parts that can stack upon each other, but may shift from side to side as the parts stack up.
A 2D image does not provide enough information to handle this shifting.
A simple technique that has proven effective is to use laser light strips in conjunction with a 2D camera.
An overhead 2D camera provides a rough location of parts in a bin.
This camera also identifies the next part to be selected.
A second camera mounted to the robot works in conjunction with a laser.
The robot moves the laser and camera over the next part and then the laser places a cross hair over a target on the part.
This target could be an edge, circle or other distinct feature on the part.
Through simple triangulation, the camera can locate the position and orientation of the part in 3D.
The ultimate application is to use a 3D vision system to locate randomly oriented parts in a bin.
There are many challenges to this application including the possibility of parts being tangled up with one another, and avoiding the bin walls.
* Tactile feedback - although vision systems are the most common form of intelligent sensors for robots, they are not the only alternative.
Six degree of freedom force sensors are commonly used to give robots tactile feedback.
For high precision assembly, force sensors are used to guide tight fit insertions such as for inserting shafts, with or without keys, into holes.
Robots with force sensors can also be used for more complex assembly tasks such as inserting gears into housings such as transmissions.
Gears being inserted into clutches will often need to engage and then pass through multiple stages.
The robot can be programmed just like a person and move a gear back and forth until it engages with each stage.
Another example of using force sensors to give robots tactile feedback is for polishing or grinding a complex contour.
Traditionally this is handled with compliant devises, but these devises may not meet the tolerances required for precise applications.
Adding a 6D force sensor to a robot and then attaching a grinding disk gives the robot the ability to maintain a constant force as the orientation varies, compensating for gravitational effects.
* Beyond today's solutions - intelligent sensor technology has played a critical part in the successful use of robots in a variety of applications.
As intelligent sensor technologies continue to advance, robots will have even greater capabilities in the future.
Nothing will ever replace the super computer in each person's brain that can make very complex distinctions, but applications once thought to be impractical are now common tasks for intelligent robots.
* About the author - Mark Handelsman is manager, Industry Marketing with FANUC Robotics America.