A previous Notes expert had tried deleting the cache.dsk file. This fixed the problem temporarily.
I found the permanent answer in the knowledge base.
The user had to:
Close Notes.
Then in windows explorer make sure "Show Hidden files" is ticked on.
(Go to Tools>Folder Options, Select the view tab, then under hidden files and folders check "Show hidden files and folders" )
The user had to find the directory called c.Notes.Data or similar.
Searching for *Notes.Data*.* seems to work.
Delete this and then restart Notes. This did the trick.
This directory or a file in it had obviously become corrupted.